Cisco VLAN-Trunking Protocol
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Was ist VTP
- Synchronistation der Vlans über Switches hinweg.
- Verwaltungsaufwand wird reduziert
- Kann zu Fehlern führen
- Austausch von
- Vlan ID
- Vlan Name
- Kein Austausch von
- Vlan Inetrface Zuordnungen
- VTP MODI
- VTP Server
- VTP Client
- VTP Transparent
Anzeigen Vlans?
- switch-gelb#show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa1/0/1, Fa1/0/2, Fa1/0/3, Fa1/0/6, Fa1/0/7, Fa1/0/8, Fa1/0/12
Fa1/0/18, Fa1/0/19, Fa1/0/20, Fa1/0/21, Fa1/0/22, Fa1/0/23
Fa1/0/24, Fa1/0/25, Fa1/0/26, Fa1/0/27, Fa1/0/28, Fa1/0/29
Fa1/0/30, Fa1/0/31, Fa1/0/32, Fa1/0/33, Fa1/0/34, Fa1/0/35
Fa1/0/36, Fa1/0/37, Fa1/0/38, Fa1/0/39, Fa1/0/40, Fa1/0/41
Fa1/0/42, Fa1/0/43, Fa1/0/44, Fa1/0/45, Fa1/0/46, Fa1/0/47
Gi1/0/1, Gi1/0/2, Gi1/0/3, Gi1/0/4
10 office active Fa1/0/4, Fa1/0/5
20 work active Fa1/0/9, Fa1/0/10, Fa1/0/11
30 labor active Fa1/0/13, Fa1/0/14, Fa1/0/15, Fa1/0/16, Fa1/0/17
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
- switch-rot#show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Gi1/0/1, Gi1/0/2, Gi1/0/15
Gi1/0/16, Gi1/0/17, Gi1/0/18
Gi1/0/19, Gi1/0/20, Gi1/0/21
Gi1/0/22, Gi1/0/23, Gi1/0/25
Gi1/0/26, Gi1/0/27, Gi1/0/28
10 office active Gi1/0/3, Gi1/0/4, Gi1/0/5
Gi1/0/6
20 work active Gi1/0/7, Gi1/0/8, Gi1/0/9
Gi1/0/10
30 labor active Gi1/0/11, Gi1/0/12, Gi1/0/13
Gi1/0/14
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
Löschen der Vlans
- switch-rot#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- switch-rot(config)#no vlan 10
- switch-rot(config)#no vlan 20
- switch-rot(config)#no vlan 30
- switch-rot(config)#do show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Gi1/0/1, Gi1/0/2, Gi1/0/15
Gi1/0/16, Gi1/0/17, Gi1/0/18
Gi1/0/19, Gi1/0/20, Gi1/0/21
Gi1/0/22, Gi1/0/23, Gi1/0/25
Gi1/0/26, Gi1/0/27, Gi1/0/28
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
Anzeigen des VTP Status
- switch-gelb#show vtp status
VTP Version : running VTP1 (VTP2 capable) Configuration Revision : 10 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005 Number of existing VLANs : 8 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0x0F 0x90 0x36 0xFF 0x8C 0x7D 0x06 0x59 Configuration last modified by 192.168.240.154 at 2-1-16 10:31:50 Local updater ID is 192.168.240.154 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)
Vtp domain ändern
- switch-gelb(config)#vtp domain vtp-xinux
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to vtp-xinux
- switch-gelb(config)#do show vtp status
VTP Version : running VTP1 (VTP2 capable) Configuration Revision : 10 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005 Number of existing VLANs : 8 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : vtp-xinux VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0xF9 0xF2 0x8D 0xB0 0xAA 0x3C 0x67 0x7D Configuration last modified by 192.168.240.154 at 2-1-16 10:31:50 Local updater ID is 192.168.240.154 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)
Vtp domain wird übernommen wenn sie leer war
- switch-rot#show vtp status
VTP Version capable : 1 to 3
VTP version running : 1
VTP Domain Name : vtp-xinux
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
Device ID : 0012.d9a3.4400
Configuration last modified by 192.168.240.154 at 2-1-16 10:31:50
Local updater ID is 192.168.240.153 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)
Feature VLAN:
--------------
VTP Operating Mode : Server
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005
Number of existing VLANs : 8
Configuration Revision : 10
MD5 digest : 0xF9 0xF2 0x8D 0xB0 0xAA 0x3C 0x67 0x7D
0x29 0xA6 0x7A 0x08 0x66 0xC5 0xDE 0x6C
Die Vlans sind wieder da
- switch-rot#show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Gi1/0/1, Gi1/0/2, Gi1/0/15
Gi1/0/16, Gi1/0/17, Gi1/0/18
Gi1/0/19, Gi1/0/20, Gi1/0/21
Gi1/0/22, Gi1/0/23, Gi1/0/25
Gi1/0/26, Gi1/0/27, Gi1/0/28
10 office active Gi1/0/3, Gi1/0/4, Gi1/0/5
Gi1/0/6
20 work active Gi1/0/7, Gi1/0/8, Gi1/0/9
Gi1/0/10
30 labor active Gi1/0/11, Gi1/0/12, Gi1/0/13
Gi1/0/14
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
vlan anlegen
- switch-rot#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- switch-rot(config)#vlan 40
- switch-rot(config-vlan)#name tante-frieda
- switch-rot(config-vlan)#end
automatisch übernahme
- switch-gelb#show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa1/0/1, Fa1/0/2, Fa1/0/3, Fa1/0/6, Fa1/0/7, Fa1/0/8, Fa1/0/12
Fa1/0/18, Fa1/0/19, Fa1/0/20, Fa1/0/21, Fa1/0/22, Fa1/0/23
Fa1/0/24, Fa1/0/25, Fa1/0/26, Fa1/0/27, Fa1/0/28, Fa1/0/29
Fa1/0/30, Fa1/0/31, Fa1/0/32, Fa1/0/33, Fa1/0/34, Fa1/0/35
Fa1/0/36, Fa1/0/37, Fa1/0/38, Fa1/0/39, Fa1/0/40, Fa1/0/41
Fa1/0/42, Fa1/0/43, Fa1/0/44, Fa1/0/45, Fa1/0/46, Fa1/0/47
Gi1/0/1, Gi1/0/2, Gi1/0/3, Gi1/0/4
10 office active Fa1/0/4, Fa1/0/5
20 work active Fa1/0/9, Fa1/0/10, Fa1/0/11
30 labor active Fa1/0/13, Fa1/0/14, Fa1/0/15, Fa1/0/16, Fa1/0/17
40 tante-frieda active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
Configuration Revision wurde erhöht
switch-gelb#show vtp status
VTP Version : running VTP1 (VTP2 capable) Configuration Revision : 11 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005 Number of existing VLANs : 9 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : vtp-xinux VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0xEE 0x2F 0x95 0xD3 0x1C 0x32 0xB8 0x00 Configuration last modified by 192.168.240.153 at 3-1-93 04:57:01 Local updater ID is 192.168.240.154 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)
Konfigurationsnummer
Der Switch mit der höheren Konfigurationsnummer gewinnt. Wenn sie in der VTP Domain sind.
VTP mode Client
- switch-rot#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- switch-rot(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP Client mode for VLANS.
Keine änderung der Vlans mehr möglich
- switch-rot(config)#vlan 60
VTP VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode.
Änderungen nur vom Server möglich
- switch-gelb(config)#vlan 50
- switch-gelb(config-vlan)#name ceo
- switch-rot#show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Gi1/0/1, Gi1/0/2, Gi1/0/15
Gi1/0/16, Gi1/0/17, Gi1/0/18
Gi1/0/19, Gi1/0/20, Gi1/0/21
Gi1/0/22, Gi1/0/23, Gi1/0/25
Gi1/0/26, Gi1/0/27, Gi1/0/28
10 office active Gi1/0/3, Gi1/0/4, Gi1/0/5
Gi1/0/6
20 work active Gi1/0/7, Gi1/0/8, Gi1/0/9
Gi1/0/10
30 labor active Gi1/0/11, Gi1/0/12, Gi1/0/13
Gi1/0/14
40 tante-frieda active
50 ceo active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VTP mode Transparent
Der transparente Modus leitet weiter übernimmt aber nicht
- switch-rot(config)#vtp mode transparent
Setting device to VTP Transparent mode for VLANS.
Konfig ladet nicht mehr in vlan.dat
- switch-rot#show running-config
! vtp domain vtp-xinux vtp mode transparent ... ! vlan 10 name office ! vlan 20 name work ! vlan 30 name labor ! vlan 40 name tante-frieda ! vlan 50 name ceo ! ...
Neues Vlans landen nun in der Running Config
- switch-rot#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- switch-rot(config)#vlan 100
- switch-rot(config-vlan)#name suxer
- switch-rot(config-vlan)#end
- switch-rot#show running-config
- switch-rot(config-vlan)#end
- switch-rot#show running-config
... ! vlan 100 name suxer ! ...
Vorsicht beim hinzufügen von Switches zu einer VTP Domain
- switch-rot(config)#vtp mode server
Setting device to VTP Server mode for VLANS.
Passwort zur Sicherheit
- switch-rot(config)#vtp password SauGei4eim
- switch-gelb(config)#vtp password SauGei4eim